A Society Is Influenced More by Show Then by Substances.

A society is influenced more by show then by substances. Our world is the world of Glamour . Our society is composed by peoples who just sees as things are shown to them. They dont have time and energy to study or analyse things. Media has a big hand in influencing people. They put things in different perspectives,so that we get easily influenced by the way they inform about the event. As our eyes see,they transfer it to rain and our brain takes first decision depending upon data sent by our eyes. We may also use previous experiences and knowledge about substances but for new entity we are depending on media or internet. So now-a-days people's judgement is based on what they see. I will narrate my experience with a phrase ‘Ignorance is bliss',which means-‘Not knowing is better than knowing and worrying. I think it has more to do with the economy & governmental control. People are bogged down economically ,so fewer people have the energy or time to fight for what is right. So many of them just choose to believe what ever is in front of them. The one's who refuse to believe whatever the government or the media feeds them are regarded as â€Å"conspiracy fanatics†. We are bound to believe the government & media. Getting to the very core ,substances usually takes a lot of work and time. It is also very unpleasant. We can say It's just easier to live in ignorance.

Periodic Table of Visualization Methods Essay

                  From 1899, the juvenile court has always handle three types of juvenile cases. These cases include: child neglect, abuse and other status offences. Juvenile delinquency cases   are unlawful action that is performed by the minors which would therein be crimes if they were partaken by adults. Status offences are on the other hand noncriminal offences which are deemed offences if they are committed by the minors. The common examples of these status offences include running away and truancy. Till 1960s, both noncriminal and criminal behaviors were all considered to be forms of delinquents. Hence the law did not differentiate between delinquents and status offenders. In neglect and child abuse cases, the court will always provide protection for children who are abuse or neglected. In the year 1994, delinquency cases made up to 64% of the total juvenile cases in these courts, with status offences making 15% and neglect and abuse cases making 16% of the total national juvenile court cases.                   I have discussed all these types of these cases below with the description of these court processes that are involved in the handling of these cases along with the current policy issues which are involved. It is worth noting that though these cases seem to be different from each other, there are some common themes and values which are applied in handling these cases. The most obvious of these is the judges which are handling these cases to note that these children need to be taken care of for their development in making legal decisions making much attention to the legal needs of children along with their families. Secondly, even if the court is one of the institutions that work to the betterment of the families and children, it is posed with a unique and awesome power in delinquency, child abuse cases and the status offences cases. Juvenile court has powers to separate the children from their parents, can also order these minors to live in confined place s, also they can end the biological right of relationship between a child and the parent and create for them other new parental rights.                   As these decisions are deemed to be very serious and fundamental to the well being of children, ensuring these courts possesses adequate resources is very vital as it handles every type of cases. Judges require information, workable facilities and adequate training so that it can be able to handle these cases in the most appropriate manner. Adequate representation of all the involved parties should always be in the court proceedings. All the communities need to have safe, effective program and placements which are available for children coming before the court. As it would be very clear from the subsequent discussion, these courts handle very difficult workloads and involves the most emotion laden and very controversial issues in most parts of the society. Because of this, these decisions have in many cases faced disagreements. The extent to which these cases should be equipped and expanded to equip them with the resources that are required for them to a dequately perform their roles has formed basis of many discussions and debates.                   Lastly, as these courts make decisions which are very vital in the societal development, they are most often the subject of the social media and in most cases form the basis for political platform. So judges should always have the urge to play leadership roles, both in the agencies which serve children and the broader community so as to encourage thoughtful and deliberative approaches to all these problems, instead of other approaches which are reached hastily. Delinquency                   The juvenile handling of the delinquent case is the one which is always handled by these courts in the general public perception. When unlawful deeds are committed by the minors, these cases are usually brought under these courts as delinquent cases. These cases in most cases include petty theft, misdemeanors, vandalism and also some kind of felonies like robbery and other aggravated assaults. The maximum age handled by these courts are typically determined by the state laws. In the District of Columbia and other 37 states, the maximum age for this is 17 years of age, in other 10 states it is 16 and in the rest 3 this is set to a maximum of 15 years.                  Currently these courts have become the centre stage for public concern due to the increasing number of crimes and the high rate of juvenile related crimes. Recently these courts have been criticized for their perceived leniency towards their decision on these juvenile delinquents. One of the best examples of this is the inability of these courts failure to impose sentences that go beyond 21 years of age. High visibility and serious violent crimes that are committed by minors have always captured the public interests and attention drawing juvenile offenders’ treatment to get tougher on crimes that have been popular politically for the past twenty years.             This public fear of the juvenile court jurisdiction has resulted into some changes in the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts. Since 1992, the executive and the legislative branch in 41 states has hence limited the jurisdiction of the cases that involve chronic offenders, violent and shifted these court cases from their rehabilitative tradition which have involved addressing offenders rather than the offences which has been committed toward a more punitive system which is focused on the offence itself. For instance, 14 states in the year 1990 had to amend their codes to clearly list public safety as the sole purpose of the juvenile justice system; the punishment is listed as either primary or one of the several purposes of the court system in 28 states. The most significant thing that has happened since 1992 is that all but 10 states have structured adult courts in a manner that they can be able to handle juvenile cases. In most of the instances when the minors ar e convicted in the adult courts, it really posses a possibility that the minor may be sentenced to the prisons instead of being placed in juvenile facilities that offers rehabilitative programs.                   Even though the violent juvenile cases grab most of the interest and headlines from the media and tend to have the highest influence on the justice system, most of the juvenile courts handle less serious crimes. Mostly, the highest numbers of cases that are handled by most of the juvenile courts involve cases like vandalism, motor vehicle theft in which they mostly belong to their parents and larceny cases. In 1992, police made a lot of juvenile arrests and contrary to the perception of the public; the most serious charge was a property offence charge in the 57% of the total cases. Offences against persons like assault and robberies comprised of 215 of the total cases, disorder conduct which is a form of public order offence showed to be like 17% of the cases with the 155 being taken by the drug law violation.                   In spite of the young people being not disproportionately responsible for the most violent crimes, they always commit more than their share of property criminal offences. For instance in the year 1992, the youth aged between 10 to 17 years of age comprised 13 % of the US population and they were responsible for like the same percentage of their population of all the violent crimes which were committed in this year and they were responsible for more than 23% of the property crimes which is more than their proportion portion of their population. Purpose of the research                   Currently it has been more than 100th anniversary of these juvenile court approaches. This paper will provide an insight for the explanation of the cases that are handled by these courts along with the current trends and issues that have cropped up in these juvenile courts. The main goal of this research paper is to present an apparent description of these courts today and hence address the future challenges along with the recommendations to be adopted. This paper majorly addresses the court’s status and their ability to handle these cases along with the improvements that should be adopted for these courts to be able to partake their roles in the most appropriate manner. The research methodology In my data collection, I will employ both primary and secondary data methods of data collection. Primary methods                   Census- I will carry out census where I will talk to the many stakeholders and other involved associations and institutions although this method is somehow expensive because of the cost involved. Samples- I will sample out some of the involved people and stakeholders Observation- I will visit some of the juvenile courts to get the real state on the ground. The secondary sources of data collection                  Questionnaires- I will develop many questionnaires which I will use to get the information required to carry out my research.                  Surveys- through the questionnaires, I will sample out and send some surveys to the stakeholders and these specialized institutions.                     Books, web, magazines, journals and other online sources- I will use the already available written materials to get complete insights on this topic. In my data analysis, I will include the following methods of data analysis Content analyzes                   This is the most simple and widely employed method of data analysis. It can be defined as the systematic description of behavior which asks, who? Where and how? And what questions within a formulated set of rules so as to limit the effects of bias in analysis. It could be the most preferred technique which is employed to analyze semi-structured interviews and cognitive interview testing.                      Narrative analysis- I will employ narrative analysis to analyze data where I will focus on the people’s stories and how they think about the issue in question. Although I will not treat these stories as the true facts I highly employ them to get how people think and feel about these juvenile courts. 3. Grounded Theory                   This is the most standard and classical technique that is employed in analyzing social data. It uses hierarchical and systematic data set. It develops a set of inductively derived hypothesis that is grounded on the data. Triangulation                In this method of data analysis I will combine both the quantitative and qualitative data analysis to come up with a precise data interpretation. Data presentation In my data presentation, I will employ many methods which would be very appropriate for this data. Frequency distribution table                   In this method I shall be focusing on the occurrence of a certain variable like a certain facility in the juvenile courts according to each state court system. Graphical methods Here I will try to focus on the relationship of variables in the court system. Charts These will be used to show the extent to which a certain variable has been employed in the courts. References Julian Mack, The Chancery Procedure in the Juvenile Court, in The Child, The Clinic, and the Court (19’25), p. 310. Julian Mack, The Juvenile Court, 23 Harv.L.Rev. 104, 119-120 (1909).Shears, Legal Problems Peculiar to Children’s Courts, 48 A.B.A.J. 719, 720 (1962) January 2007 publication, California’s Criminal Justice system.Vitaly Friedman (2008) â€Å"Data Visualization and Infographics† in: Graphics, Monday Inspiration, January 14th, 2008. Lengler, Ralph; Lengler, Ralph. â€Å"Periodic Table of Visualization Methods† Source document

Pick ad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Assignment 2 - Essay Example Additionally, it also raises issue of ethical concerns whereby, people are entertained by watching their fellow human beings destroy themselves with excessive steroids. Natural bodybuilding is one of the hardest and challenging sports since it requires discipline, endurance, rigorous training, and eating well. However, due to competition, many people use steroids to increase muscle build up. Specifically, steroids increase the level of testosterone, a male sex hormone, which is responsible for masculinity (FitnessHealthZone web). An increased level of testosterone accelerates muscle growth and increased growth of body structure. Due to the increased competition in body building sports, the players are allowed to use steroids to enhance their body muscle. However, use of steroids demands high levels of discipline in terms of dosage and training. Otherwise, the users will have to bear the consequences of misuse of steroids (BodyBuilding.com web). One of the primary consequences of misuse of steroids among body builders is irregular natural production of testosterone hormone in the body. This in turn causes reduced sex performance, cardiovascular complications, enlarged heart, aggression, hypertension among others (FitnessHealthZone web). As much as we are happy cheering and celebrating our favorite bodybuilding sportsmen, we should pause for a moment and picture what actually happens inside their bodies. For instance, is it possible for body builders to lead a normal life after their career as body builders? Whereas most of the other sports such as football and basketball depend on natural talent and personal hard work, the modern bodybuilding man has to go beyond what is natural and use heavy doses of steroids. The most saddening issue about bodybuilding is the fact that bodybuilding primarily encourages heavy usage of steroids instead of nurturing natural talent. In this game, heavy and large muscle

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Homework - Assignment Example Mallor, et al., 2012) in their contract stating that full payment for the ordered goods will be rendered upon successful delivery of goods in perfect condition. Whereas, any circumstance that result to failure of delivery will therefore discharge the buyer from paying the agreed amount for the transaction. Setting conditions in a contract protects both parties from being charged with breach especially if failure of delivery is a result of force majeure. On the other hand, the seller must secure a conditioned contract with a third party - insurance companies of the cargo ships – where, under the classification of condition precedent (Mallor, et al., 2012), the monetary amount insured will be collected by the seller in instances that their goods are damaged during transport. In addition, their bond with the buyer must indicate specific conditions to prevent allegation of breach of contract from the other party if such circumstance occur. Nevertheless, condition stated by the seller must indicated non-performance of expected duty only in force majeure situations such as bad weather condition that result in damage of goods during transport thus preventing excuses to non-performance other that what is indicated in the contract (Mallor, et al.,

Integration of Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioural Essay

Integration of Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for the treatment of Depression - Essay Example During her late twenties, Kate was easily fatigued even when she was resting. She experienced fatigue even when she had slept for more hours than she was used to there before. At twenty-nine, she could barely do anything as she had decreased body energy. This made her skip even the basic chores at her home and threatening her career. Her parent having noticed the problem she was undergoing decided to take to the hospital where she was hospitalized for a severe case of depression. She was treated extensively with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for over few years (NYU Langone, n.d.). At the age of 35, Kate expressed persistent attitude signs and a serious cognitive dysfunction. For the next three years, Kate underwent several medication from MRI testing, EEG, sleep studies and several neuropsychological testing. All of the medication that Kate underwent were not successful until she was thirty-eight years old. She diagnosed with a neurological disease known as Lyme disease at 38 years. However, after diagnose she was treated by antibiotics and other over-the-counter drugs supplements. This did not help her even after being treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation and hyperbaric oxygen. Having undergone through medication for over ten years without signs and indication of improvement, she quit medication and all another psychotherapy. She resulted to neuropsychiatric remedies and sought help from Scott Hirsch, a professor of psychiatry and neurology at Langone Medical Center (NYU Langone, n.d.). The patient was so anxious and hopeless because her problem had persisted to her old age and affected all her dreams in life. Though she demonstrated a high level of intelligence, she had slowed response to actions. Doctors conducted segmental neurological diagnoses, but there were no signs of dyskinesia, myoclonus and tics (NYU Langone, n.d.). The patient though exhibiting cognitive symptoms no neuropsychological clinical analysis indicated that

Spinneys Supermarket Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Spinneys Supermarket - Research Paper Example Spinney's supermarket has adopted the strategy by involving value chain and customer segmentation to ensure that it remains ahead of its competitors, while at the same time increasing its revenue. This paper will seek to address the differentiation generic strategy by Spinney’s Supermarket. The resources and capability of the firm in implementing this strategy will also be addressed. Differentiation generic strategy is the manner in which a company generically differentiates its products by classifying them in any possible aspect. The main aim of the strategy is to fight Porter’s five factors of competition, and to win the firm’s products brand loyalty from customers. Indirectly, points out Pradhan & Pradhan (2009),  this helps in eliminating any potential competition by the rest of the firms operating in the same industry. The direction taken by the organizations is influenced by the strategic plans of the organization. Factors organizations could consider as its strengths include brand superiority, resources available, market share, and employee capabilities (Bhatia, 2008). Although the manner in which these strategies are implemented is what is important, the selection criterion is equally important. There are various sources of differentiation that a firm can exploit. Some organizations choose to differentiate their operations in terms of their products and services, but others opt to align theirs with the market they serve (Harrison, 2010). Spinney’s grocery retail store has chosen to undertake both value chain and customer differentiation as methods of differentiation generic strategy. Through this strategy, the retail chain hopes to achieve customer intimacy and operational excellence, so as to improve on its revenue. Value chain is the specific chain of activities followed by a particular firm operating in the specific industry in order to offer goods or services that are of high quality to the customers. Products follow a series of activities in the value chain, and in every stage they are added value to improve their qualities. At the end of the chain, a product ready for the market is achieved (Bhatia, 2008). Two types of value chains according to their activities include physical value chain and virtue value chain. While traditional value chain, also known as physical value chain involves physically performed activities to improve the quality of products through experience, virtue value chain is the use of computer aided systems to produce goods. Each has its own perks and limitations. The preference is thus upon the strategic management team of the organization. Little comparison however exists between the two, as virtual value chains are more superior, offering quality products and increased ease of operations than the traditional systems. The choice by Spinneys to adopt virtual systems has significantly increased the quality of its products, in relation to other firms in the retail business. Al though not every operation in the store is computer operated, most of its operations are computer aided. Therefore, the speed of churning out quality products with increased ease has given the firm a competitive advantage over other firms in the industry. Fresh juices by the supermarket as well as its drinks are appealing to their customers due to quality. Along the various stages in a value chain, a number of differentiation sources can be exploited. Product differentiation is the diversification of a

Poverty in India Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Poverty in India - Research Paper Example About 29% of the population lives below the national poverty line; other estimates2 that are the indication of the current situation of India which will be used for further analysis of the situation include the infant mortality rate is 62 per 1000 births; child malnutrition for under 5 years old is 47%; around 86% people have access to an improved water source, and literacy is supposed to be around 61%. India was basically an agriculture based economy, in the year 2005, agriculture's proportion to GDP has been declining as the economy is progressing and agriculture was 18.3% of GDP and showed a growth was 6% year on year basis, industries' contribution was 27.3% and it posted a growth of 9.4% in which manufacturing grew at a rate of 9.1% whereas services now comprises more than half of GDP by contributing 54.4% to GDP and growing by 9.9%. Today, India faces problems such as escalating population and growing income inequalities; thus poverty remains quite a serious problem; although some social and demographic factors might seem to show some positives when compared over the years since India's independence in 1947 from the British rule. India: Poverty Retreats with Globalization's Advance (Nayar)3 suggests that with globalization of the world and the opening doors of the economy, India has shown a considerable growth has improved its own economic position. The reason for this is attributed to the deregulated policies that have now welcomed the multinationals to the country which has spurred the growth, employment, foreign direct investment into the boundaries of the country. But, the author still argues that with all the changes or step towards improvement is not quite visible in the masses of the country; that is the effect is not quite trickled down to the lower economic classes and only the top 20% have been benefiting from it. Though much of deregulation and liberalization have occurs but measures that are most reflective of poverty reduced situation has not shown quite remarkable improvements as reflected by calorie intake etc. Strategies for Combating Poverty in India, as mentioned earlier that the biggest challenge countries like India are facing today are to combat poverty; this article also highlights the same issue and discusses some of the ways poverty can be tackled in India. The article pinpoints that it is the policies of the government, and its priorities that are irrational and misplaced respectively; therefore, government over these last many years has failed to get rid of such a menace from the country. According to the author is important that the government should channel national resources in the right manner and to the desired objectives; first recommendation relates to unemployment, and suggestion is made regarding the law which should guarantee employment to be enacted, and if the state fails to provide employment then minimum wages in lieu should be paid to the unemployed too. Next, it suggests that for people it is necessary to develop skills, increase their productivity in areas inclu ding, health, education, agriculture, infrastructure, technology etc. because according to the author poor are poor because they lack such skills and there is no focus on their skill development. Poverty in India (Jaya)4 states the measures of poverty in India. The article points out that the most popular estimate of poverty measure is by making use of household consumer

MICROECONOMICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MICROECONOMICS - Essay Example Economics, as stated is the study of both individual and the government and business behavior in terms of price, interest rates, jobs, poverty, employment, etc. As such, it has to deal with groups of people which is classified into categories namely households, business and government to facilitate the analysis of behavior. While individual behavior study is termed micro-economics, study of people at large is called macro-economics. Also, actual behavior of people falls under descriptive economics while advice or choices of economists comes under normative economics. It is evident that when policies and structures are to be studied in totality, individual responses can deliver highly variable results. As a result, economists have simplified individual responses by setting out average of a large number of responses and which behave in a similar fashion or towards a common goal. On the basis of this concept, assumptions emerge which turn into simplified models or theories of economics because they demonstrate a common and shared behavior of a large group of people. For instance, assumption of profit maximization relates to suppliers because in a particular situation, average response of a number of suppliers would be that of maximizing their profits. Likewise, assumption of satisfaction maximization applies to buyers as they tend to derive maximum satisfaction from their investments. Market in economics refers to the place where interaction between buyer and seller takes place. Level of scarcity in the production or delivery of a service determines its market value. Surplus product comes at lower price while scarce product is associated with higher price. When government intervention happens in the market due to price or supply concerns, it gets turned to public goods. Scholars of economics are continuously confronted with some difficult terms

SUV Pricing for Environmental and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SUV Pricing for Environmental and Safety - Essay Example Due to the cost as well as the safety aspect associated with SUV's the demand for these vehicles is slowing down. According to a study carried out by Cambridge Energy Research, the percentage of sales of sports utility vehicles dropped from 56 percent of all vehicles sold in 2004 to 53 percent in 2006 (Williamson, 2006). Safety Concerns: There is a misconception that SUV's are safer than car, however they are more dangerous and according to a government study, the occupant death rate for mid-sized SUV is 6% higher than the car and for large SUVs the death rate of occupants is 6% higher than mid sized cars or minivan (SUVs: Dangers on the road, n.d.). SUVs are not safe as these appear and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the government agency, has described two characteristics of SUVs and other light trucks that can increase the fatalities: rollovers propensity and crash compatibility (SUVs: Escalating risks on the highways, n.d.). Rollover is a major safety concern in SUV's. The main reason are these vehicles are heavier and ride higher than regular cars and these factors particularly the later contributes propensity to roll over in accidents and similarly the recent study shows that SUVs on roads are greatly increasing the dangers for drivers and passengers in other cars (SUVs: Escalating risks on highways, n.d.). Environ... Actually the government regulations for SUVs are ambiguous and these vehicles are categorized with light truck where the average fuel economy achieved by these is only 20.7 mpg in compare to 27.5 mpg set for cars (Environmental double standards for sports utility vehicles, n.d.). California along with nine other states has demanded to raise the fuel economy standards for these vehicles so that the environmental pollution produced by these vehicles can be minimized (Baker, May, 2, 2006). California is the first state who has argued in favor of toughest regulation on air standards and fuel economy. A car having mileage of 27.5 mpg is likely to emit 54 tons of carbon dioxide from burning of gasoline over its life time as compare to 100 tons from a SUV that has a mileage of 14 mpg over its entire life (Environmental double standards for sports utility vehicles, n.d.). Carbon dioxide contributes is one among the green house gases and it traps heat in the atmosphere (Green House Emmission, 2007). Should SUVs priced higher or lower to reflect their environmental and safety aspect A) Yes: Let us say yes, SUVs should be priced to reflect their impact on environment and safety. As we have already seen these have severe impact on environment as well the safety on road of these vehicles is not only pose a danger to the driver and passengers of SUV itself but to other driver and passengers of other vehicles especially lighter cars. The rising greenhouse gases are expected to raise the temperature from 06 to2.5 degree in the next fifty years. According to an estimate around 2000 people have been saved if their vehicles would have been hit by heavy cars instead of SUVs (Environmental double standards for

The Atlantic Slave Trade Essay Example for Free

The Atlantic Slave Trade Essay The Atlantic Slave Trade had a both positive and negative impact on those involved in it to an extent. Britain’s economy benefited greatly from the slave trade as many industries flourished. This was an immense opportunity for those who were unemployed as it provided thousands of jobs. People were employed in industries like the building and repair of slave ships, selling the goods produced by slaves such as sugar and cotton, and banking. This resulted in the slave trade becoming the financial base of development of Britain. However, not everyone benefited from this trade as it had an enormous negative impact on Africa’s society and economy. The 37 years of slave capturing and exporting resulted in wars between tribes and drained Africa’s population of 12 million of its strongest youth. This resulted in Africa’s economic development in being hindered. For Africans the physical experience of slavery was painful, traumatic and long-lasting. Britain benefited from the slave trade in many ways including the economy, as slavery became part of the financial base of development in Britain. Many economic factors contributed to slavery including the demands of plantation farming, servant slaves and the growth of the slave trade as its own industry. Plantation farming emerged as a way to earn a profitable crop and dominated the southern colonies. In plantations African slaves worked in hundreds from dawn until dusk producing goods that supplied Britain. These goods consisted of sugar, cotton, tobacco and rum. All these crops were very labour intensive requiring hundreds of workers to preserve them. The British became the largest and most efficient carriers of slaves to the new world. Therefore huge profits were made by the labour of unpaid slaves. Liverpool and Bristol were the main trading ports in Britain, Liverpool alone made  £300,000 per year from the slave trade. Scotland was also heavily involved in the slave trade, Scots went out to colonies and generated great wealth for Scotland based on slave labour. Glasgow’s â€Å"Tobacco Lords† profited from the slave trade, as did the merchants of London, Liverpool and Bristol. The city of London catered the economic services that were necessary for the slave trade, this included insurance and loans for slave traders. F.G Kay wrote about the social changes that happened in Britain following the growth of the slave trade, in a book named â€Å"The Shameful Trade† published in 1967. He states â€Å"the slave trade created a new class of wealthy colonial  families†. Bristol merchants who were great dealers increased their trade with the islands of the Caribbean. They also became specialists in trading with West Africa and retailing captured slaves. The trade also created, sustained and relied on a large support of shipping services, ports and finance companies employing tho usands of ordinary people. Many slave ships were need and thousands of jobs were created through this. Jobs in making slave ships, repairing, financing and insuring all flourished. By 1780 Liverpool had become the largest slave-ship building site in Britain. This also provided thousands of sailors with work. . Insurance was one of the biggest industries during the slave trade, insurance and long term loans created new opportunities for making more money. Slave merchants and sugar plantation owners needed to borrow money to keep their businesses going. Merchants involved in the triangular trade found that insurance was vital because if their ship hit a storm during the voyage its cargo could be lost, and if that ship is not insured then they could lose everything. There were huge profits in selling the goods produced by slaves such as cotton, sugar and tobacco. Thousands of people were employed in factories to make exportable goods that were traded in for slaves in Africa these were guns, textiles and pottery. People were also employed in making brass and copper in Yorkshire, weavers in Birmingham, chain makers and sugar refiners in Greenock. The slave trade made Britain the world’s leading sea power and it helped finance the indus trial revolution. The British government made a fortune from the taxes related to the slave trade. Nonetheless not everyone profited from the slave trade, The Atlantic Slave Trade had enormous negative effects on the continent of Africa. Many parts of Africa suffered from an increase in violence, drain of people and an economy increasingly reliant on slavery. As a result of this Africa fell behind the rest of the world. Having fewer young healthy people to produce food would make famine more likely and the rates of death worse. Slavery led to the movement of thousands of people across Africa, allowing disease to spread between different parts of Africa. A lot of good land was left uncultivated and not looked after because there were not enough young people left to farm it. African slaves took with them their religion, traditions, cooking, clothes, music and dance. These had a negative impact on Americans  as it led to voodoo in the West Indies. The slave trade encouraged conflicts between African tribes, raids and kidnapping. The demand for more slaves led to increased hatred and violence between communities in Africa. There was also the spread of racist ideology to justify the enslavement of Africans. It is estimated that up to 12 million Africans were snatched from their homeland shipped to the Caribbean to work on plantations. Thousands of African villages were ruined as they were raided for slaves. The farming in Africa changed to grow crops which were brought to supply slave ships. African chiefs and kings stopped ruling by law as they became greedy cunning tradesmen. The 37 years of slave capturing and exporting drained Africa of millions of its strongest youth. As a result of this the population became unbalanced and the adult male population was reduced to 20%. Overall Africa was the only continent to be affected in this way, and because of the loss in population it became a major factor leading to its economic hardship. John Newton was a British slave trader in West Africa. In a small extract from his journal he comments on the immoral methods used between Africans and Europeans, he states â€Å"Europeans try to cheat Africans at every turn. Any article of trade that can be cheapened is so. Spirits are diluted with water, kegs of gunpowder have false bottoms and pieces are cut out of rolls of cloth†. In conclusion it is clear that Britain benefited from the Atlantic Slave Trade. We know this because of how it boosted the British economy as many industries grew, created thousands of jobs and supplied Britain with essential everyday life goods. We also know that colonies were established on the backs of hard-working African slaves. However not everyone benefited from the slave trade as it made Africa suffer greatly. Up to 12 million young strong Africans were forced out of their homelands and brought to the Caribbean to work without pay. Families separated and sold to go and work on plantations from dawn until dusk. Thousands of villages were wrecked because of the raiding for slaves. African leaders became dishonest, deceptive greedy tradesmen which resulted in Africa becoming corrupt.

Review Of Thomas Paines Argument History Essay

Review Of Thomas Paines Argument History Essay Thomas Paine begins his pamphlet, Common Sense, by asserting that government is a necessary evil that is a part of society. Paine goes further in depth with his analysis for the need of government by criticizing Britains government. He believes that there is a less of two evils in terms of government and Britains government is the more evil one. He strongly disagrees with Britains monarchy and their complex government. He states that their government is corrupt and unjust and that their immoral way of governing is affecting the lives of colonists through unfair taxes and mistreatment. Paine argues that America needs to strive for absolute independence because no country will be able to mediate the dispute between America and Britain as long as America is seen as a part of Britain. Nor will any country help America if they think that their help will be used by America to reconcile with Britain in the future. By declaring independence, America could begin to gain the benefits of allian ces and trade as well. By gaining complete independence from Britain will America truly be free from wrongful taxes and exploitation. Paine makes it clear that he is not fond of government. For Paine, living without government is perceived as being ideal. Paine sees the idea of government even in its best state as a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one (Paine 3). He believes a governments existence is justified only to the extent that it mitigates problems between civil disputes. Other than ending civil quarrels, Paine believes that a governments purpose is to restrain our vices (3) and act solely as a punisher (3). Paine presents government as an institution whose function is to restrain the evil in man. If people were to act morally, government would not be necessary. However, since people are capable of committing sins, government is necessary for the protection of life and property. Governments fundamental purpose, therefore, is to provide security. If a government fails to improve society than it is not worth keeping or at the very least should be reformed. Common Sense  attacks Britains monarchy and all that comes with it. Paine presents his specific problems with the British monarchy, with his attack on hereditary succession and with the numerous complaints he makes against the king. In a country, where they believe all men are created equal Paine criticizes Britain for having kings, essentially being hypocrites. The idea of kings originates from the Bible when the Jews asked the prophet, Samuel, for a king. Samuel warned the Jews of the outcomes of having a king but the people did not listen. Therefore, Paine believes that the origin of a king comes from sin. Kings and the idea of sin might not be as important in todays society but including the argument of kings and religion in his pamphlet made a more significant impact on readers in Paines generation because they were strict on religion. Even in biblical times, kings were reasonable positions although they were viewed as coming from sin. Kings back then were often generals or ju dges; however, in England, a man would be puzzled to know what is his business (16). Paine is saying that there is no real reason to have a king because we have generals and judges; therefore the duties of a king are meaningless. Paine adds that hereditary succession of kings brings other evils. For example, people who see themselves as born into an elite existence are often ignorant and unfit (15). Paine believes that a king should not exist within a government because the king has too much power and their touch with society is lost. Lastly, Paine opposes the theory that hereditary succession reduces civil wars. At least nineteen rebellions and eight civil wars broke out in Britains past. Paine concludes that monarchy and hereditary succession have produced nothing besides a wrongful government and bloodshed. Paine argues that America will eventually be independent. Since many people in Paines time are uncertain about the idea of a  revolution, it is important to establish the grounds for American independence. He establishes American independence as being a necessity, not a choice, in order to escape from taxes. By convincing his audience that America will be independent some day, it is much easier for Paine to make the case for an immediate and full rebellion. Paine states clearly that America will, in the end, separate from Britain. It is not a matter of if, but when they will separate. Paine says the ideal time to separate from Britain is now. Paine states if the British continue to rule in America the country will weaken. Paine persuades his readers by stating that America has a large number of able men ready to retaliate. Additionally, Paine argues, the colonies are small enough to be united. If the colonists allow too much time to pass by, more and more people will flock to Ameri ca. With more people, Paine believes, it will be more difficult to work with everyone and organize a full rebellion. Another key point in Paines argument comes from the scenario if America were to make peace with Britain. Paine argues that if America was to repair relations with Britain, the problems they presently face will come back and begin an endless cycle. A cycle where America and Britain reconcile and then Britain breaks their part of the agreement by creating some other absurd taxes. The new taxes that would be imposed would interfere with the colonists lives. Paine supports his argument by pointing out the history of colonial relations with Britain, especially the events surrounding the Stamp Act. Paine references the Stamp Act of 1765, where Parliament imposed taxes on a variety of printed materials. After the colonists protested, Britain revoked the tax. However, by 1767, Parliament imposed a new round of taxes on a large range of goods in the colonies. These taxes are just an endless cycle that will continue to occur, unless America just ceases all relations with Britain. One of the key problems that had colonists doubting revolution was the British Navy. Even though, Britain appeared to be an all-powerful world empire, many could simply not believe the idea that the colonies could break free of the worlds largest empire. The colonists knew that the British Navy was one the strongest, if not strongest, naval forces of their time. Paine addresses this problem by stating that America can raise a navy of their own that will match up or even surpass the British Navy. He explains that this is possible because America currently has no national debt and can afford to construct a navy. Paine presents calculations, done by Mr. Burchett, Secretary to the navy, that show the cost of around 3,500,000 pound sterlings to build a navy. Paine shows with detailed calculations that the colonists could build a navy to rival Britain. Furthermore, Paine also adds that America has all the natural resources, such as tar, timber, iron, and cordage, (36) to construct a navy. Paine explains that it would cost even less because there are raw materials and natural resources conveniently available to them. By laying out a detailed plan of how America could build a navy to rival Britains, Paine makes a more convincing case that America can do what many would consider impossible. Another significant argument that Paine makes, in regards to the navy, is that Americas coasts are unprotected and vulnerable. Paine writes, The more sea port towns we had, the more should we have both to defend and to lose (34). By raising a navy it would both further expand business and trade of America and provide defense for their shores. In addition, Paine writes that the British Navy is too busy patrolling various colonies of the Empire, and that an American navy would need only concern itself with protecting their own coast. Paine concludes by stating, to expend millions for the sake of getting a few vile acts repealed, and routing the present ministry only, is unworthy the charge (34). Paine says that the cost of the war is justified if the result is complete freedom. However, Paine believes that it is not worth putting up a struggle if it is simply to repeal some tax laws. Paine wants absolute independence, and nothing less. There are counter-arguments that Britain protected America from the French and Indian; therefore, the colonists should be grateful. However, Paine points out the Britain only protected America for its own financial reasons. Britain did not protect America out of concern for the colonists. Furthermore, if America had not been a part of Britain in the first place, they would never have needed the protection. It is because America was a colony of Britain that they needed protection. Another counter-argument that Paine addresses is being of British descent. Paine argues that being of British descent does not matter. He uses an analogy that Britains population is made up by French. However, unlike the colonists, the French that live in Britain are not forced to pay French taxes while living in Britain. Paine uses this analogy to criticize the taxes imposed on America by Britain. If the British themselves do not pay taxes for the French, the colonists have the right not to pay either. Common Sense plays a pivotal role in the American Revolution because it forges the attitude of Americans. Common Sense is easy to comprehend, and that is Paines goal. He presents these arguments so that the common man is able to understand. He stresses that the time for independence is now and presents strong arguments as to why the time is now. With the importance of raising a navy and pointing out the corrupt government Britain has America under, Paine illustrates that independence is Americas top priority. Until America declare independence from Britain, the colonists will feel itself like a man who continues putting off some unpleasant business from day to day, yet knows it must be done, hates to set about it, wishes it over, and is continually haunted with the thoughts of its necessity (44). Paine could not have explained the importance of haste for independence any better.

Effectiveness of Interventions for Emotional Eating

Effectiveness of Interventions for Emotional Eating Peer review: Does educating pupils on emotional eating have a positive effect on their emotional eating behaviours? Summary of aims, rationale and hypotheses The applicant proposes an intervention for controlling emotional eating because emotional eating often has been linked to obesity, which is a major concern in the UK. This proposal focuses on prevention by giving people information about the topic via seminars before the emotional eating started. The applicant extended previous research about the assumption that stress can cause emotional eating and that eating disorders, such as obesity, binge eating and anorexia nervosa, are linked to emotional eating. A lot of emotions, such as arousal, fear, boredom and a negative mood can lead to food intake. The applicant focused on research about interventions on alcohol use and abuse and the success of these interventions because the participants behaviours and attitudes were changed. Three key parts were mentioned: drinking alcohol wont turn everybody in an alcoholic, the act of drinking is normal, but abusive drinking isnt and education starts early. This proposal hypothesized that pupils w ho receive emotional eating seminars, compared to pupils who receive litter picking seminars, will alter their behaviours and their emotional eating scores will reduce by educating them about emotional eating and thereby reduce obesity levels, trying to receive long-term outcomes. Summary of methods and expected results The applicant found 140 pupils from year 9, between the age of 13 and 14. These pupils were split up in two groups. The experimental group received the emotional eating seminars, while the control group received seminars about litter picking. Afterwards, the applicant used the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, particularly the part about emotional eating and participants had to add their height and weight. Participants asked to fill in the questionnaire twice, once in the beginning and once at the end of term. Both groups were asked to fill in another short questionnaire at the end of each seminar to measure the impact of the seminar on their behaviour. The proposal expected to see a change in the behaviour of the pupils in terms of emotional eating and that pupils have a better chance of noticing these eating behaviours. Summary of limitation and challenges The applicant mentioned that previous research found little gender differences and therefore this proposal does not account for gender differences. Secondly, because increased stress causes an increased food consumption, the applicant found an additional test. Pupils were shown a stress inducing video while having snacks in front of them. The bowl was weighed before and after they had watched the video. Third, litter picking was chosen as the control variable because the applicant assumed that it had nothing to do with emotional eating. Constructive suggestions on how to improve the proposal (385) This proposal is very useful because it highlights a major problem in our society, obesity. Obesity is a worldwide problem with a lot of health problems, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer (Wang et al, 2011). Therefore, research is necessary to find preventions and interventions for this problem because researcher expect 11 million obese adults more in the UK by 2030 (ibid). Another good part about this proposal is that the questionnaires are quantitative, which means that it based on a measurement, for example a five-point scale, and that this study consists of numbers, which makes this proposal more valid. The extra stress test is very good to control the reliability of the questionnaire scores and therefore to measure a third variable, which might make the proposal again more valid. However, this proposal has it flaws. First, this proposal is not neuro-cognitive. Nothing in this study measures something neurological. The applicant could have measured brain activi ty in participants while they were eating before and after the seminars, in both, the control and the experimental group, to see if something changed neurologically while they were eating after the seminars compared to before the seminars, for example, the experimental group might think more about what they eat and how much instead of just eating without thinking at all. Secondly, only two seminars might not be enough. Most studies who use prevention methods, such as seminars, were longitudinally (Hivert et al., 2007; Keller, 1978; Schnell Doetkott, 2003). It might be better if the applicant would have done this study for two years or so, which would mean that every group would have for example 12 seminars each year for two years long. A longitudinal study gives more long-term outcomes instead of only short-term outcomes (Schnell Doetkott, 2003). The applicant is doing this study in only one school. It might be better to take participants out of different schools because it is pos sible that one school pays more attention to what their students eat or pay more attention to prevent unhealthy children than another school, which could affect the study. Therefore, more schools should be participating this study to make it more valid. Is the proposal feasible? Are the requested resources well justified? This proposal seems very feasible. The requested resources are well justified and the study shouldnt be too difficult to conduct. How novel is the proposal? This proposal is not a really new study, but not adopted either. Daubenmier et al. (2011) suggested a mindfulness intervention, based on therapy, instead of seminars. Although the intention of both is the same, the study differs in certain respects. Hivert et al. (2007) did a study that is very alike to this proposal, only they did the study on participants, who were already obese. What is the intentional impact of this proposal? Given that this study might already have been done and the few limitations, this study is not unnecessary. The impact in this proposal is to prevent eating disorders. Good in this study is that, if it works, it prevents eating disorders before they even come up compared to other studies, who only start these interventions when it is already too late. REFERENCES Daubenmier, J., Kristeller, J., Hecht, F. M., Maninger, N., Kuwata, M., Jhaveri, K., Epel, E. (2011). Mindfulness intervention for stress eating to reduce cortisol and abdominal fat among overweight and obese women: an exploratory randomized controlled study.  Journal of obesity,  2011. Hivert, M. F., Langlois, M. F., Berard, P., Cuerrier, J. P., Carpentier, A. C. (2007). Prevention of weight gain in young adults through a seminar-based intervention program.  International Journal of Obesity,  31(8), 1262-1269.. Keller, R. T. (1978). A Longitudinal Assessment of a Managerial Grid ® Seminar Training Program.Group Organization Management,  3(3), 343-355. Schnell, C. A., Doetkott, C. D. (2003). First year seminars produce long-term impact.Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory and Practice,  4(4), 377-391. Wang, Y. C., McPherson, K., Marsh, T., Gortmaker, S. L., Brown, M. (2011). Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK.  The Lancet,  378(9793), 815-825.

The Jungle :: Upton Sinclair

The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Upton Sinclair's The novel is set in Chicago in the area which hosts the largest slaughtering and meat packaging industry. Two young immigrants, Jurgis Rudkus and Ona Lukoszaite, from Lithuania come to the US in search of a better life. Jurgis Rudkus is a young man who believes that with hard work and along with desire that he may be able to support his one love Ona. He comes to the US in hopes of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Ona Lukoszaite, she is a young and timid lady that comes to the country along with her husband not knowing what to expect and not prepare for the harsh life here in this country during the industrial time. They two young immigrants Jurgis and Ona celebrate their marriage in a traditional peasant lifestyle. The couple is part of a large family that has the hopes of going to America for a better life. Jurgis here in this country begins to work hard and quickly realizes that no matter how hard and long he works he cannot earn enough to support his entire family. Soon after the whole family realizes in order to support themselves they must all begin to work. They buy a house which was sold them by an agent who takes advantage of them not understanding what they were signing. Jurgis soon finds out that all his hard work is in vain where many times corruption is rewarded, the capitalist life is just not fair. As they begin working, the family members discover the horrifying conditions of the packing factory. The conditions of work are inhuman, and the workers are treated inhuman. Jurgis' father is only able to get a job after bribing a boss in the pickling rooms of a meat packing plant. The conditions there are terrible, and the job ultimately kills the old man. Jurgis is injured on the job and is forced to stay home and out of work till he is healed. He has not worked for two months and when he returns back to work he realizes that his position has already been filled by another work. Jugis quickly realizes that with all his hard work he can easily be replaced by someone else. He soon finds a dreaded job to help out at the glue factory. The bills begin to pile up, his wife is pregnant and his family’s lives are being stressed with all the drama in their life.

Subjects of International Law Essays -- International Law

In any kind of legal relations, subject always play an important role, and it is one of the signals to determine the relation that pertaining the adjustment of any legislation system. International law is a legislation system that is a set of thousands of documents from various sources. The research about the subjects is necessary since it helps to find out the source of law, which relation pertains the adjustment of law. The subjects of international law include sovereign states and analogous entities, intergovernmental organizations, the individuals, and multinational corporations. First of all, we need to know the definition of the subjects of international law. In the perspective of legal theories, to identify the subjects of international law must be based on these following basic signals: The participation in international legal relations that be adjusted by the international law; having the will of independence in international activities; having a full rights and obligations severally toward other objects under the scope to adjust of international law; ability of shoulder the international legal responsibility for the acts executed by object. Generally, objects of international law are the entities that are participating in, or may have the ability to participate in the international legal relations independently. They have the full legal international rights and obligations for the acts executed by object. About the power of the subjects of international law, it is the basic properties, the special legal ability of the subjects that inherited the rights and shoulder the obligations, legal responsibility in international legal relations. Subjects' power includes two aspects, and only when ones get all these two aspec... ...References Acquaviva, G, 2005, 'Subjects of international law: a power-based analysis', Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, viewed 7 January 2011, . Hamid, AG, 'The subjects of international law', viewed 7 January 2011, SUBJECTS%20OF%20INTERNATIONAL.pdf>. Queen's University Belfast 2011, Subjects of International Law, Northern Ireland, viewed 7 January 2011, Library/>. Wikipedia Contributors 2011, 'International law', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 6 January, viewed 7 January 2011, .

character analysis essayof Slaughterhouse Five -- essays research pape

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Character Analysis Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slaughterhouse Five, by Kurt Vonnegut, is a novel that makes no sense in itself; yet, when put into context individually with today’s events, or life’s events in general, makes more sense then if it were clearly spelled out within the pages. By using the character of Billy Pilgram, Vonnegut conveys his points with Billy’s reactions and common characteristics. Billy Pilgram could not be any more a human then if he was actually walking amongst us. With basic characteristics of simplicity, confusion and general common sense, any one can relate to what Billy is and was going through. By successfully portraying this personality of Billy’s, Vonnegut creates a complex yet oddly simple character for audiences to follow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Billy, it truly is a gift to be simple, especially with every thing he must endure. Simplicity is a common trait that most characters in novels lack. Authors are many times trying to create such a complex character that the audience may become lost or even bored with the character. By making Billy so simple, he can create complex events that surround him. With this, Billy shows his general reactions. Without Billy delving deeply into the events, it in fact leaves room for the audience to have their own interpretation of wh...

Aquinas Epistemology and God Essay

Introduction:The scientific developments of the renaissance were powerful and they stimulate new ways of thought that one can be tempted to disregard any role medieval thinking plays in the general development of both renaissance and post renaissance philosophy up till today. It would be a mistake to take it that Descartes, Locke achieved a total radical break from the past and inaugurated a completely new philosophical era. One cannot understand scholars like Descartes or Locke without having some real knowledge of medieval thinking. Thus, in this essay, I wish to show that Aquinas, a thinker of the middle ages, thought on knowledge is of permanent value and that it deserves respect and due consideration for today’s discourse of philosophy. Aquinas Theory on Knowledge: His philosophy is based on the premise that knowledge and being are correlates. â€Å"In so far a thing is, it is knowable and in this resides its ontological truth. † Thus, the Thomistic theory of knowledge is a realist theory. It plays an integral part in his metaphysics and philosophy of being. Aquinas is not interested in the problem of objective as we have it in modern thinking and today rather, he is much more interested in how we acquire our knowledge and put them to use. Simply put, he investigates the process of knowledge. He identified three levels of acquiring knowledge namely: sense-experience, imaginations or ideations and intellection. Aquinas thus made an important contribution to epistemology, recognising the central part played by sense perception in human cognition. It is through the senses that we first become acquainted with existent, material things. Sense experience is contact with material things through the senses which supplies materials for the formation of ideas in imagination upon which understanding climbs to contemplate. It is thus a misconception to suppose that the fundamental role of sense perception was a discovery of the classical British empiricist. It is a synthesis of Aquinas’ Aristotelian view of knowledge. As a matter of fact, Aquinas laid more stress on sense perception as the first and unique source of knowledge than the British empiricist because he identified sense perception as the initial source of knowledge than reflection and introspection. â€Å"For a man perceives that he has a soul, and lives and exists by the fact that he perceives by the senses†. This source of knowledge for Aquinas is responsible for his five ways that he uses to prove God’s existence from the material world. He did not accept Anselm’s ontological proof because, he argues that self evident truths, such as God’s existence in which its attributes belong necessarily to the subject , may not be fruits of experience but experience makes man to be conscious of them. That is another reason where he differs from radical British empiricist. He argues based on his arguments for God that â€Å"in as far as God is manifested in and through the beings of the sensible world, as the necessary source,†¦ the embodied human intellect is capable of proceeding beyond sense to know the source of a non-dependent, non-conditioned absolute being called God. † He sees the intellect as capable of penetrating through the unanalysed superficiality of sensation. Agreeing with Aristotle, he admits that knowledge is obtained through two stages of operation, sensitive and intellective, which are intimately related to one another. The intellect does attain ideas from the material that is presented to it by the senses to extend beyond the world of the senses. The two cognitive faculties, the sense and intellect, are naturally capable of acquiring knowledge proper to them. Thus, for Aquinas, it is man’s initiative to know through his makeup although such make up is sustained by God. This sustenance by God makes him to make the proper distinction between faith and reason as sources of knowledge. Truths of faith are revealed truth such as trinity and truths of the scripture. But truths of reason must be perceived and abstracted upon. St. Thomas insistently repeats â€Å"reason gathers truth on the ground of intrinsic evidence, while faith accepts truths based on the authority of the word of God. Therefore, there are two types of wisdom namely philosophical –highest activity of man’s intellect and theological- super science or revealed truth. This distinction is essential to today’s view or tension between science and religion. According to Paul Tillich, â€Å"neither scientific nor historical truth can affirm or negate the truth of faith. The truth of faith can not negate nor affirm scientific or historical truth too†. This is because, their objects are different. Truths of faith are revealed and not available to the senses while that of science is purely experiential based. Thus, they do not contradict each other. Nonetheless, both faith and reason can assist each other. According to Aquinas, faith can act as organ which helps reason to reach its final direction, the supreme truth which is God, â€Å"because God is in the highest degree of immateriality, he occupies the highest place in knowledge†. This led him to explain the value of knowledge and its truth, which is the ultimate goal of the intellect in perceiving and abstracting ideas. He noted that the intellect through a vigilant control of the senses can guarantee the formation of the sense representations. The intellect acquires truth when it gives value to the representations and ideas it forms in phantasm. â€Å"For Aquinas all the data of sense knowledge and all intelligible things are essentially true. † Truth consists in the equality of the intellect with its object, and such concordance is always found, both in sensitive cognition and in the idea. Error may exist in the judgment, since it can happen that a predicate may be attributed to a subject to which it does not really belong. Besides the faculty of judgment, Aquinas also admits the faculty of discursive reasoning, which consists in the derivation of the knowledge of particulars from the universal. Deductive, syllogistic demonstration must be carried out according to the logical relationships which exist between two judgments. In this process consists the science which the human intellect can construct by itself, without recourse either to innate ideas or to any particular illumination. This error free judgment for Aquinas, is proper to the being which is the supreme fundamental and greatest perfection permeating all things and giving them consistency and reality. Thus, each thing exists in its participation in Being. The true representation is received when the intellect gathers the Being of beings. Meanwhile, some truth can be received although not perfect, when the data is abstracted by the intellect. The dilemma of knowledge search today is explained by Thomistic epistemology recourse to revealed truth. Thomas claimed that human reason is naturally led to knowledge – from sense experience through phantasm to intellection- to knowing truth and know all truths, whether it is the material world, spiritual world, speculative, practical, political, moral or educational truth etc. But it meets with difficulties which include passions, sentiments, complexity of objects etc. This obstacle is more serious in terms of religious or moral truths because of their abstract nature. Nonetheless, reason has the ability to reach higher grounds to know God – the supreme truth- his attributes, existence but these obstacles are removed by God’s assistance or intervention to furnish human reason with a clearer manifestation of his being. The ultimate threshold of knowledge alone can give light to the mind to reach him. Thus, he introduces faith in his epistemology though at the end. The ordinary organ of knowledge is reason enabled through immediate evidence of experience but faith comes in when there are obstacles to assist reason to reach quickly as possible its final threshold, supreme truth. â€Å"Faith will tell us Christ is present when our human senses fail†. Conclusion: The limitation Aquinas placed on reason due to obstacles in which it needs to be helped by God makes the whole idea of his epistemology a movement to faith. It seems to many that Aquinas argues to God and not for truth in its own sake. Hegel for instance argues that he treated philosophy according to the categories of theology. Bertrand Russell. A Thomism which limits itself to the consideration of material substance as the start of all knowledge proves itself inadequate in age where everything seems beyond our sensual grasp. Again, Thomism didn’t relinquish heritage of truth for the sake of new sides but a one way drive of reason Nonetheless, Aquinas’ epistemology is vital for us because it has consequences for philosophy generally especially in relation to theology. ——————————————– [ 2 ]. Aquinas copplestton [ 4 ]. Aquinas copleston [ 6 ]. Age of belif p 150 [ 7 ]. Baptissta mondin p. 306 [ 8 ]. Yeager Hudson p. 12 [ 9 ]. P. 73 yeager hudson [ 11 ]. Benediction hymn composed by Aquinas for the feast of corpus Christi {cf. [ 12 ]. Marin j. walsh.

Exercise the Mind, Body, and Soul Essay

Being in this class has helped me realize that my health, as well as others’ health, is very important. The past five weeks I have been recording my habits to see what was necessary to change. After the first three weeks, I had concluded that I really needed to increase my physical activity to do more than my average everyday walking. We were to go about our everyday lives and record exactly what we did on a regular basis. Before this, I would never have considered myself a person who exercises regularly. However, after this project I feel that I have earned the title of a person who exercises on the regular. Once I had picked my area I wanted to increase, I picked out to goals. My first goal was to exercise a minimum of 120 minutes a week. Two objectives I had to fulfill that goal were to complete my homework by four o’ clock each afternoon so that I had time to walk for twenty minutes in the evenings. Another objective I had was to park further away so I could wake an extra ten minutes to and from my car each day of school. My final goal was to lose three pounds by October 23, 2011. The first objective I had to fulfill that goal was to ask my friend/s Karlee, Sarah, and/or Samantha to exercise with me to help me stay motivated. My last objective to reach my weight loss goal was to do Zumba at least three times a week for 30 minutes minimum. Participating in daily physical activities such as walking or doing aerobic exercises is not only important for you physically, but it can also benefit you mentally and emotionally. A report shows that at least 60% of the global population fails to achieve the minimum recommendation of 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity daily (Saxena, Van Ommeren, Tang, & Armstrong, 2005, p. 445). Walking is one of the most popular, easiest, and safest forms of physical activity (Sykes, 2009, p.40). Walking has many positive benefits to doing it. You have  less chance of getting/having heart problems, lower blood pressure, lose body weight, stress reducer are just few good things walking can do for you.  Studies have generally shown that exercise increases states of positive affect or energetic arousal, and reduces anxiety, tension, or negative affect. Research has also demonstrated that exercise may be similarly effective in the treatment of depression (Lutz, Lochbaum, Carson, Jackson, Greenwood, & Byas, 2008, p.166). Exercise gives you something to do. It is an easy way to get your mind off negative things and makes you feel better not only physically, but also mentally. According to Sykes, et al (2009, p. 42), exercise can improve a person’s physical self-worth and other important self-perceptions such as body image. Having exercise goals that relate to personal performance and improvement is also associated with high positive emotion and improved mood. My last two weeks of recording was difficult to say the least. Some days seemed easier than others did. Walking a couple times, a week was easy for me to get in the habit of doing. Not only did I notice that I was having a bit more energy, my dogs, that I took walking with me, we willing to walk more around the house, instead of sleeping all day. As the days went by, I noticed I was finishing my homework earlier, which allowed me more time to increase my time to do activities. My friends were extremely helpful and supportive during this whole process. They were excited to come over and do Zumba with me. They would come at least once a week and work out for at least 30 minutes. I believe I have made a change for the better that will continue to grow. I have realized that I had just been lazy. I now have so much more energy in the days, which really helps me go to sleep earlier and longer. It was difficult at first to change my ways, but with the support of my friends, it made things a lot easier for me. With my increase in physical activity, as I mentioned,  my sleeping habits have gotten better, and well as my leisure time. Now all I need to do is work on my eating habits, which are not too bad, and I will be living a much healthier life than I have been.

Wrought immense financial loss to the company

Dear Sir, I am writing this memo to bring your attention to the need for a major shift in our procurement procedure which Fitter Snacker has been following for the past couple of decades. A careful study of the purchasing records of the last few months reveal that the traditional purchasing procedure has wrought immense financial loss to the company.This method which relies heavily on buying from a few â€Å"trusted† local and familiar sources of raw material like floor, chocolate, sugar and milk derivatives has resulted in buying materials at higher prices and sometimes suppliers not meeting the demand or deadline. What I am suggesting is us to shift our attention to online sources and rely more on e-commerce (electronic commerce) for our raw materials.As you might be aware, the worldwide web has created an electronic market place in the internet in last many years. In the net there are B2B (business to business) e-commerce sites where you can bid for raw materials at cheaper rates and get quality assured supplies at faster speeds. One another advantage with e-commerce is that you don’t have to rely on a few small time local suppliers all the time – you can even approach large and distant corporations who can manage long distance shipping of large quantities.My predecessor was using the age old means of communication like writing letters or calling over phones or even personally visiting the suppliers as part of purchasing protocol. As a person coming from a generation that came to age in 21st century I think all these are a total waste of money and time. A shift to e-commerce will remove all the inconveniences, moreover this shift would enable any authorised person in our company to go through the procurement records on real time and make assessments or decisions from anywhere using the internet. Thank you.

A dream is a wish your heart makes

You dream of all the wonderful possibilities of living. And you find solace in your reams. â€Å"I want to fly, I will study and become a pilot†¦ † â€Å"l want to make a difference in the world† etc. And as you are on your journey towards your dream you will come across people who will condemn you for the dreams you dream and for the thing you do. People are constantly looking for faults in other people so that they can feel better about themselves. Sometimes these people might be your closest friends your family etc. But you know what keep fighting to live your dream..And of course you will also come across people who will support you encourage you and inspire you to omelet your journey. Mostly in our Asian society if your dream or aspiration is not related to medicine engineering or law it is squished like a bug. Would know; I speak from experience. Some of us of course get lucky and can lay the foundations underneath their castles in the air. But most of us get stuck doing the things we hate because we are not allowed to dream of the things we love. And so we wait, we tell ourselves just one more year just few more days till we become our own people and can do what we like.We are always waiting for that one moment where we can metamorphosis from a trilateral and escape this cocoon and go on our adventures as beautiful butterfly. And if we believe in our wings we will surely fly. That's the trick believing in yourself. Life may look like you are at the edge off cliff about to fall but just stop an feel the water spraying on your face the wind in your hair and the thrill and excitement of it all and once you embrace yourself -? jump! And guess what you don't fall you fly because embracing yourself ad fighting for yourself is what made you this butterfly with these beautiful wings with which you fly.Take risks plunge into the unknown but always believe and never lose hope. Every life is important and every life is worth living. We all are li ke stars making up a the constellation of life and even without one star it loses its meaning. You may sometimes feel like you are less important the another person but remember you are you that is something no one can ever be. ‘Some people are like wildfire rushing and spontaneously changing everyone in their path but we are like the molten lava that flows below the earths surface changing the very foundations upon which we stand.

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT Essay

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example ......................... 5.0 Distribution/channel strategy................................................................................ 6.0 Promotional strategy............................................................................................. 7.0 Pricing strategy...................................................................................................... References EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Marks and Spencer is not doing an appropriate job of gaining target market interest in the brand and continues to cater to the older demographic. The company has built a rather old-fashioned and stuffy brand that caters to wealthy High Street consumers in the over-55 age bracket. This prevents the business from building a more contemporary brand personality that would attract younger and trendier fashion consumers. To better position the company, the business needs to utilise psychographics rather than demographic segmentation and focus less on quality and more on price and fashion -forwardness. Improvements to fashion procurement, utilisation of the Internet for online purchases, social media for promotion, and lifestyle-related advertisement will improve the brand competitiveness in this highly saturated and dynamic competitive environment. Marketing analysis: Marks and Spencer 1.0 Current market segments Marks and Spencer continues to attempt to attract younger consumer segments through the introduction of more contemporary fashion merchandise with edgy and trendy designs. The business, in an effort to appeal to the twenty something markets, recruited models Lily Cole and Lizzie Jagger to serve as celebrity endorsers that would be aspirational to the youth, female markets (Wood and Finch 2009). However, this strategy failed to rouse interest in the M&S brand and clothing sales to the over-55 female segment rose by 10 percent (Wood and Finch 2009). The problem at Marks and Spencer is that the business continues to segment based on demographics. As a high str eet fashion business, the business maintains a premium pricing model on the majority of its fashion merchandise, thus making clothing more affordable to the older demographic. Premium fashion products are segmented just below luxury brands and therefore usually carry a higher price tag (Hameide 2011). The average age of the business’ customers are between 35 and 54 who maintain the high level of financial resources necessary to afford a high price (Ayub 2010). The brand has been defined according to the demographic characteristics and purchasing behaviours of existing consumers, affluent middle-aged women living in wealthy regions who are the major revenue producers for the company. The business, in an effort to attract desirable target markets, recruited the 1970s model Twiggy to promote a new clothing line launch. This strategy did not appeal to the younger consumer market segments and seemed to reinforce a lifestyle connection with the aging consumer target market. Joanna Lumley, from the Absolutely Fabulous craze, was also recruited to appear in and perform voiceovers for advertisements, yet another older celebrity figure which continued to appeal to the existing, greying market (Chislett 2009). Hence, by focusing on demographic segmentation in order to identify target consumers, Marks and Spencer is limiting its ability to boost revenue production by not utilising other segmentation strategies. The company continues to utilise strategic marketing strategies that are more relevant to the lifestyles and income demographics of older

Playworkers' Responsibilities with Regard to Common Forms of Abuse Essay

Playworkers' Responsibilities with Regard to Common Forms of Abuse - Essay Example They should be able to make full and correct records of everything and also know the laws which demand the required action (e.g. Children Act 1989) Finally, their greatest responsibility is to the child first, so the attitudes of caring kindness, empathy, and support must be present. They need to listen, question appropriately (for age), offer help and support. Thus a knowledge of support systems and services is necessary. Identification, Consultation, Referral, Initial Assessment, Planning, Strategy Planning Meetings, and after all these, either of two strategies may be put in place: 1. Services offered to child and family to ensure its future welfare is secured, or 2. Child's name is placed on the Child Protection Register and further assessments, meetings and reviews of progress will continue. Flowcharts 1 5 The playworker will have input, as someone who knows the child and its circumstances. If they have raised the concerns, they should make clear and correct records, consult with managers and colleagues, and those in other child protection roles, usually beginning with Social Services.

Return on Investment - Education Funding Coursework

Return on Investment - Education Funding - Coursework Example Secondly, the MBA course offered has an international outlook for students. Essentially, it fosters diversity of the students within their careers across the world enabling them to tackle global and local challenges facing the businesses that they work at. Lastly, with the wide variety of students from across the world, an MBA course at the university enables students to develop lasting lifelong networks across the world. The executive MBA program in Health Administration at the University of Colorado Denver is paramount towards my career development. The MBA program gears towards imparting health care professionals with excellent health management skills. As a student of the course, I will be able to develop management skills that are practical and real time. The skills will enhance my ability to respond to developments within the workplace and health care as an industry. Being more attune to these developments as well as having the knowledge to develop solutions to the challenges occurring will enable me to optimize the performance of the workplace. Overall, the course will improve my skills, confidence and career as a health care administrator. The two-year course is offered on and off campus. Regardless of the schedule of choice, the basic costs incurred are within the same range. The total cost of tuition is $53,000. Other costs incurred include a onetime non-refundable deposit of $1,000. Additionally, food and housing will amount to $27,008 and personal expenses amount to $8672. Miscellaneous expense will amount to $2,000 for the two-year program. The total costs of the program will amount to $89,680 (University of Colorado, 2014). Given the investment of $89,960 in the Executive MBA in Health Administration, the course was able to generate a Net Present Value of $ 49,372.9. Further, the Executive MBA in Health Administration was able to deliver an internal rate of return of 14%. The internal rate of return of

Jim Boeheim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Jim Boeheim - Essay Example Born in 1944, James Arthur Boeheim or famously known as Jim Boeheim is currently serving the men’s basketball team at the Syracuse University as the Head Coach (Waters, 2013). Having a huge experience in the field of sports and leadership, Boeheim has made the Orange team of the Syracuse University into the NCAA Tournament 30 times. Boeheim also guided the team for final four match appearances in 1987, 1996, 2003, and 2013 and the NCAA championship in 2003 (SyracuseUniveristy, 2014). Not only this, he has also guided the Syracuse men’s basketball team to nine ‘Big East’ regular season championships and five Big East Tournament Championships. Because of his strong coaching experience and his effective leadership skills, Boeheim is currently the second on the Wins List of Men’s NCAA Division I Coaches (Pitoniak, 2011). The 880th win of Boeheim was earned in 2012, surpassing the total of Dean Smith’s wins of 879. These wins are calculated for a head coach at a single school for his most wins (Baker, 2010). Boeheim has also served the United States men’s basketball team, during the World Championship of FIBA 1990, FIBA 2006, Summer Olympics in 2008, FIBA World Championship 2010, and the Summer Olympics of 2012 (Baker, 2010). He has also served as the chairman of the USA Basketball Men’s Junior National Committee during the period 2009 to 2012. He has the honor of being President of the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC). In September 2005, in recognition to his remarkable achievements  Boeheim was included in the Basketball Hall of Fame  in the field of basketball (Pitoniak, 2011). Jim Boeheim has guided the Orange team through various tournaments, both national and international and has brought home many titles (Pitoniak, 2011). It is because of his strong leadership skills and capabilities that the Orange team of the

Industrial Relations Law in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Industrial Relations Law in UK - Essay Example The industrial relations law of a particular country have a strong nexus with its broad policies as far as human resource management and employee satisfaction are concerned. These laws imply the state of affairs within the operation sphere where the workers are the one's generating maximum profitability and efficiency through their positive contribution. (Collins, 2005) In this regard, the industrial laws deal with areas of integrating personal and organisational interest, apart from widespread applicability of suitable measures of motivation and training which in turn will contribute to the worker efficiency and a cost effective strategy for achieving organisational goals. This paper deals with the industrial relations law that has been prevalent in the United Kingdom or UK with a focus on comparing the same with international standards in terms of its right to strike and the freedom of association. The categories in this paper will broadly include legal and sociological implications and issues of the industrial law in UK. After several breakthroughs in defining the contextual implications of human resources and employee relationships, Sidney and Beatrice Webb created a stark picture of the quality of trade unionism in the 1894. This was a major revelation for the social historians of that time in context of their contribution to the analysis of the system followed in Great Britain in terms of industrial relations. This aspect of study even became a full fledged field of study at Oxford by 1908. (Hyman, 2003. p 37 to 56) It has also helped defined the right of association and strike as rights that are inherent in the employees workspace where he or she may demand a certain economic and social status depending on the level of contribution to overall productivity. This further led to the construction of a framework within which these employees can call themselves the workforce within a certain industry or organisation, and thereafter affiliate themselves with an organisation called trade union which wil l identify their rights and help them adopt methodologies like collective bargaining, negotiations and even strikes, if need be, to attain the same. In this regard, the trade unions call themselves the representatives of the workforce and fight for their rights. This has given rise to various theories in terms of collective bargaining as well as the formal conception of the right to associate and the freedom to strike, in industrial laws the world over. This revolution started with UK due its history of industrial development, where it has been hailed as an international pioneer of the industrial revolution. This is, therefore, the most comprehensive definition of the Right to Strike and the Freedom of Association in UK's industrial law, which provides for clauses and immunities under these rights. (Collins, 2005) In this case, it is imperative to move forward only after briefly touching upon the origin of this law. Thus, through a keen focus on trade unionism, which was major trend in the industrialisation process, by the scholars and historians of that time, Great Britain saw the birth and evolution of its industrial relations law, that helped define the context and framework within which collective bargaining and other activities like employer employee relations would be

European union law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

European union law - Essay Example Moreover, the Commission can further rely on the provisions of Article 245 (ex 211) EEC as â€Å"guardians of the Treaty â€Å"and has to ensure proper application of Community law, in line with Article 245 of the TFEU3. However, the White Paper on European Governance published by the Commission in 2001 further highlights that the primary responsibility for the application of Community law lies with national administrations and courts in the Member States4. Therefore, the primary objective of enforcement of actions against Member States is to monitor compliance and respond to non-compliance. As such, the Commission aims to encourage voluntary compliance of the Member State5. Moreover, the underlying sentiment of the Commission’s strategic objectives for 2005-2009 is that vigorous pursuit of infringement actions under Article 258 are â€Å"considered critical to the credibility of European Legislation and the effectiveness of policies†6 Moreover, according to Article 2 58, Member States that fail to fulfil an obligation under the Treaty can be subject to the infringement procedure. The Article 258 procedure is provided to allow the Commission to pursue its task of policing the application and compliance with the Treaties and secondary Community law obligations7. In turn this has raised issues as to the extent of national court obligations to refer questions of Community law to the ECJ. This paper critically evaluates the parameters of the legal obligations of national judicial authorities to refer issues of community law to the ECJ with specific reference to the relevant treaty procedures and case law. Firstly, it is submitted that often the issue of reference is linked with infringement issues8 and in order for the infringement procedure to commence a breach of obligation by a Member State must be suspected by or brought to the attention of the Commission. A breach or failure to act is most often observed in the forms of a Member State failing to implement Community legislation9. Moreover, the Commission has taken several measures to adequately remedy problems encountered in the transposition, implementation and enforcement of directives in particular for example10. These include regular publication of calendar for transposition and annual reports to monitor the application of community law. Borissova further comments that: â€Å"By launching enforcement action against a Member State, the Commission is not asking the ECJ to recognise a Member’s State’s intention to breach the law but to deliver a declaratory judgment not the latter’s failure to comply with its Community obligations11†. However, Article 258 (ex 226) requires administrative procedural steps to be taken before court proceedings can be instituted. Article 258 further provides that â€Å"if the Commission considers that a Member State has failed to fulfil an obligation under this treaty, it shall deliver a reasoned opinion on the mat ter†. Having informed the Member State of its breach, the Commission gives the state the opportunity to answer the allegation or take corrective action prior to formal proceedings under Article 258, which in turn leaves significant discretion to member states and national courts to address issues of community law12. If the matter is not resolved informally in the first phase, then member state will be formally notified of the alleged infringement by means of a

Diversity in organization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diversity in organization - Research Paper Example Hence proper management of diverse workforce is acutely necessary for the organizations. Table of Contents Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 The evolving concept of diversity 4 Multiculturalism 5 Benefits of diversity in workforce for for-profit business organizations 6 Challenges faced by the organization due to diverse workforce 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction The world is changing rapidly and the concept of diversity has become a truism in current times (Rosado, 2006). Change in the view of the world is more vividly visible since the onset of the twenty-first century. At present diversity has been acknowledged in social and business layers, which include variety in labor force, civil rights of the human being, their property right and living and working conditions of the people. In the different industrialized countries across the globe, instances of demographically diversified labor force are increasing. In many countries gender relations are changing swiftly and the ef fect of this change is visible in the business sphere. With rapid globalization, the number of emigrant workers is increasing and recent trend shows that immigration is taking place into the developed countries of the world (Dumont, Spielvogel & Widmaier, 2010). The structure of labor population is also changing with the aging population in the developed countries, due to which the labor intensive organizations are facing higher diversity in their workforce. Increased diversification within workgroups or labor force has to be dealt sincerely through efficient diversity management. Such changes cast potentially important impact on group performance within organizations. According to Bleijenbergh, Peters and Poutsma (2010) diversity management in an organization further encourages the organization to attain their strategic goals. It allows inclusion of diverse employee categories and provides scope to the organization to allow individual development of its employees. Diversity managem ent in business supports creation and retention â€Å"of equal opportunities† (Bleijenbergh, Peters & Poutsma, 2010, p. 414). In the long term it helps to create a sustainable employment situation and leads to profitable business. The evolving concept of diversity The needs of this century pose the demand for a mass of citizens â€Å"that is culturally sensitive and internationally focused, with an orientation toward the future rather than the past† (Rosado, 2006, p. 1). Recent research works reveal that diversity management has come through over the years. There has been a gradual change in the purpose of diversity management from the ‘purpose of exclusion’ to the ‘purpose of inclusion’. In the beginning of the twenty-first century there was no definite established pattern or model for the organizations to follow while dealing with diversity related to physical, biological and social or cultural differences. Any behavior or attitude that belo nged to outside of the ‘norm’ prevalent in the particular society were identified as diversity and were dealt with the policy of â€Å"exclusion and control† (Rosado, 2006, p. 4). With the passage of time, particularly in the profit oriented corporate firms, organizational policy of dealing with diversity has changed; today in order to realize the maximum potential