The Great Soul Of Gatsby - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1532 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? Jazz age, as the appellation of 1920s, was one of the memorable and important time to United State. After the World war I, America profited from the selling war materials and industrial production, citizens improved their economic condition which caused the dramatically increasing of consumption level. American enjoyed the extravagant life crazier than ever before. Materialism rose in response to the this time and conditions. (Price, S, 1999). The Great Gatsby is the most famous novel illustrating this period of history, It portraits a tragedy of the protagonist Jay Gatsby based on the real historical background in 1920’s New York. Gatsby was the one who didn’t sinked into the a site of desire, he had his great ambition to achieve his spiritual goal rather than his material goals. Although he use inappropriate methods to acquire money, this didn’t affect his beautiful and great soul. In such a materialistic, fickleness and vacuous society, Gatsby’s pure love, his endeavor and persistence for dream, also the positive influence on future generations made him becoming a hero, shining in the soulless time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Great Soul Of Gatsby" essay for you Create order Gatsby’s pure love was the most valuable treasure under the background of the materialistic society, it also reflects his high spiritual level that other people in the society couldn’t reach. Although he used the inappropriate acquiring his wealth, his attitude about love and emotion was more serious and mature than people who earned appropriately but lost in the materialistic world. In Chapter 6, Gatsby recalled the memory of the first time he met Daisy. It happened after the war, a party for officers was taken place in her house, Gatsby was one of the officer who was invited. When he saw Daisy he hesitated between the girl and his dream. But suddenly he made the choice. â€Å"He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God† (119). Time passed five years after, Daisy already changed who she used to be, she has became other’s wife and been superficial and Materialistic. But Gatsby’s love didn’t change any, he still tried ever mind to possess Daisy, bravely said Daisy and he loved each other just in front of Tom. He even undertook Daisy’s crime, in chapter 7, if Nick didn’t realize the it from Gatsby’s word, the truth that Daisy killed Myrtle would never be discovered. He had enough wealth and power helping him get rid of the trouble, but he choose to be the scapegoat, still waiting for her reply but refuse to escape. He always willing to be occupied by her even sacrificed his uninhibited soul or materially achievements. Compared with Tom afraid to expose the amour with Myrtle that might ruin his reputation, Gatsby’s love looks valuable. Also Observing man and wife’s relationship at that time, the loveless marriages between Daisy and Nick, Tom married her on ly in view of her beauty but not love, this could be proved from his derailment, he cheated with other woman though he has a wife. Also the reason Tom redeem Daisy was only for his dignity. Daisy, as a representative of the materialistic society, she only consider about Tom’s money but lack the true feeling to her husband. In chapter 1 we could discover her thought about the marriage. when Daisy was chatting with Nick she said: â€Å"I’m glad it’s a girl. And I hope she’ll be a fool—that’s the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.† (20). She considered becoming a girl who live happily, ignore the annoyance from emotion. The choice between Tom and Gatsby she chosen the former only because Gatsby’s past couldn’t bring her sense of safety. In such a society, people utilized each other to acquire self-interest. Their behaviors were not for love, but for fulfilling their own desires. There is not love inside them, but only animal’s instinct. under the striking contrast, the persistence of Gatsby’s love seems like a hero’s way. Although he used dirty way to get money and power, his spirit was far more lofty than them. People might betray their lovers even they are regulate citizens, Gatsby disobeyed the law but he maintained his pure mind and purpose of love The concept of hero is not only own by people who do some significant of spectacular things, but only for people who have their own love and dream, and willing strive for them, they are the hero of themselves. Secondly, unremitting endeavor and persistence supported his dream and stood him out at that shiftless period. His ambition and enthusiasm proved that he would be unique from other peers and his family. He was unwilling to be a everyman. Even after he got rich by violating the law, he didn’t hanker after his materials but using them to chase his spiritual goal. His father described him: â€Å"Of course we was broke up when he run off from home but I see now there was a reason for it. He knew he had a big future in front of him.†(184). Also observing Gatsby’s schedule would be more visualized about his endeavor and insistence for success. He disciplined himself with a very strict rule, and always promoted himself. At that time, people advocated hedonism and be content with things as they are. Gatsby became the wealthy through his efforts. The volition and determination was rare and valuable at that time. Retrospecting Gatsby’s life, he acquired reputation, money and power by wrongful measures, however he didn’t corrupt by these material achievements, but always tried to achieve his dream, even he might lose those materials. One opinion could testify it, after Gatsby became rich, His life was lavish and was fulled of materials. he held extravagant party for strangers to spree, he associated with people who believed materialism. But he had no interest about those things at all. The purpose of hold party was just for drawing Daisy’s attention. After he dated with her again, the party stopped. He supposed to know many young and beautiful ladies, enjoy the orectic party every week and advocate to others that he is the owner of the house enjoying the compliment. But everythingâ €™s purpose was to get Daisy. It was extremely difficult for a person sacrifice his materials for his spiritual dream. He pursued the chasteness of mind. With constancy of purpose and persistence, Gatsby became a upstream challenger, he didn’t believe the destiny but strive for his dream. that is hero always would do. Gatsby challenged the obsolete thought, started from the bottom but influenced the society and became as powerful as old moneys. His action expressed to the world that stratum could be break and everyone have chance to success. He has become the symbol of â€Å"American dream†. Gatsby lived in a special period that the American society has face changing. There are still a group of people from high class believing human have born with distinction of status. â€Å"This fellow has worked out the whole thing. It’s up to us who are the dominant race to watch out or these other races will have control of things.†(16, Tom). It was hard to go up and leave the status that people supposed to be. However, Gatsby didn’t be restricted by the behindhand thought, he was a romantic person and believed himself. His spirit and stories urged millions of youths striving for their own dream. An opinion discussing Gatsby is not a hero is that he utilized inappropriate and dirty ways earning money. America promulgated prohibition at that time, Gatsby sold alcohol was completely violated the laws. This might affect audiences that agree with the way to acquire money. When people discuss about Gatsby’s story of acquiring wealth, his goal should be more focused but not process. Because of the twisty values in that period, Gatsby had to use unusual way to reach the high status that is very difficult at that time. It reflects to the unfair society that poor man had lots of obstruction that resist them go up. However, Gatsby used a dirty way to reach his pure and beautiful dream, society could not just easily af firm he isn’t a hero. The image of him was multidimensional. In conclusion , he is a hero live in a wrong time and wrong society, or should we say, the special society and special time made him unique and worth to be a hero. He is a tragedy hero. In the inane and fickle society, Gatsby was the only person who had soul and pursue spiritual satisfaction. He was willing to spend his whole life, risk everything, even violated the law for his life goal. His love to Daisy was earnest, he was responsible enough to take care of people he loved. His persistence and endeavor for his dream was valuable in the period of time people only knew lead a life of pleasure. Finally his story inspired thousands of future generation with dreams. His story shined the darkest society.

Media Leadership Style Analysis of Michael Eisner

Running head: MEDIA LEADERSHIP STYLE ANALYSIS OF MICHAEL EISNER Media Leadership Style Analysis of Michael Eisner Whitney M. Wright Regent University Media Leadership Style Analysis of Michael Eisner Media Leadership Example Michael Eisner was recruited by Walt Disney Company from Paramount Pictures in 1984 to help Disney out of its financial slump in the 80’s. Eisner helped revamp Disney’s theme parks as well as rejuvenating their movie studio. In the process, Eisner helped â€Å"make Disney into a television powerhouse, climaxing those efforts with the takeover of Capital Cities-ABC†¦yet when Michael Eisner assumed leadership of the company, Disney was in trouble. It was Eisner and his staff who turned the ailing theme park†¦show more content†¦Eisner insists on having control over the creative process, and that he has to authorize all story development. This creates an atmosphere where writers, composers, animators, and actors do not perform their best, because they have no say in story development. This results in films that under perform at the box office† (The Walt Disney Resource). 3.) Eisner â€Å"has failed to negotiate fair contracts with some of Disney ’s greatest assets†¦including Disney’s top writers, composers, animators, actors, and partners. Jeffrey Katzenberg, Hilary Duff, and Pixar Animation are just a few of the recognizable names that have left the Disney Family because Michael was unwilling to pay them what they are worth. Miramax has threatened to leave the company as well† (The Walt Disney Resource). 4.) Eisner’s â€Å"desire to cut costs has resulted in many poor quality films and merchandise† (The Walt Disney Resource), and 5.) Eisner â€Å"has mismanaged the theme parks†¦and has tried to save money by cutting down on maintenance costs† (The Walt Disney Resource) where the upkeep is eroding. Application and Analysis of Leadership Styles Upon reviewing Eisner’s domineering, harsh, and autocratic management style seems to echo a combination of Pseudo-Transformational, Transactional, and Path-Goal leadership styles. Eisner referred to his upper management key people in negative, derogatory, and abusive terms such as: â€Å"JeffreyShow MoreRelatedLeadership Effectiveness : Michael Eisner, Larry Ellison, And Andrea Jung1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe definition of leadership is the action of leading a group of people or an organization. Leadership is not a title; however, it is the ability to persuade, convince, conduct, motivate, and inspire individuals to engage with a vision to the achievement of a goal. The challenge that leaders have is to be able to adapt or adjust their leadership style to each situation. 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It was born in the early 1920’s as a simple cartoon studio, till what is today, a global corporation that provides the best entertainment for the youngest to the oldestRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company Report15335 Words   |  62 Pageswith university honor code in completion of this assignment and I attest that this work is ours and ours alone.† Professor Suzanne Weiss Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Company Background 3. Management 4. Situation Analysis 5. Ethics and Responsibility 6. Human Resource 7. Globalization 8. Operation and Production 9. Finance and Financial Management 10. Hypothetical Request for Venture Capitalist 11. Conclusion and Recommendation 12. Citation

Wallace Rhetorical Analysis free essay sample

A Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"This is Water† If one were to try to imagine a world without air, then it would certainly be very different than the world as humans know it. Since air is essential to the livelihood of most life on Earth, it could be considered an â€Å"important reality. † In David Foster Wallace’s commencement speech, â€Å"This is Water† to the 2005 graduating class of Kenyon College, Wallace states that â€Å"the most obvious, ubiquitous, important realities are often the ones that are the hardest to see and talk about. † (Wallace) Despite the necessity for air, most take its beautiful existence for granted. Wallace believes unawareness leads to unhappiness, and thus wants his audience to actively think about their surroundings. He supports this claim by providing a short parable as an extended metaphor, establishing his credibility through the Aristotelian appeal of Ethos, and examining stereotypes commonly held in society. This argument is designed to leave Wallaces audience making attempts to view the world with attentive eyes and develop thoughtful minds. We will write a custom essay sample on Wallace Rhetorical Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Those who heard this speech live were all, in some way, connected to Kenyon College, a small liberal arts school. Besides graduating students, there were numerous parents, professors, and faculty in attendance. The students, heading into the workforce, and many others hearing it, were formally educated, and thus had acquired knowledge leading to a wide variety of viewpoints. Some of them probably thought they had the world figured out. While the intended audience of Wallace’s speech was literally his audience of the graduating class of 2005 at Kenyon College, this piece has become quite popular since its delivery. Perhaps its popularity is due to its relatable aspects. Today, this speech is analyzed in freshman English classes, for example. This is a period in life in which teenagers often come to terms with who they are, and who they would like to be, all while adjusting to their newly found â€Å"freedom† from their parents households. By analyzing this piece in the above context, students will hopefully strive for the kind of real freedom Wallace describes that â€Å"involves attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad petty little unsexy ways, every day. Which, according to him, will have one â€Å"making it to 30, or maybe 50, without wanting to shoot [oneself] in the head. † While Wallace aimed to prevent rising leaders of the world from wanting to end their lives, he, in broader terms, wanted people to be aware of their surroundings so that they can better themselves. In â€Å"This is Water† Wallace speaks from his own experiences in order to help others; he went through depression before finally hanging himself in 2008. One should not think of this as contradicting his points, though. This act shows that Wallace, too, was human, and capable of mistakes. Furthermore, he wanted people to have better lives than he did, and he believed they can do so by following his advice. A short parable comprises the opening paragraph of Wallace’s speech. In this, there are two fish swimming along when they pass an older fish, headed in the opposite direction, that asks them how the water is. The two fish continue along for a bit before one asks the other â€Å"what the hell is water? † This serves as an extended metaphor used by Wallace to demonstrate his main argument for awareness in life. Just as the fish do not consider their surroundings, people more often than not fail to consider others, which are to them as much of the scenery as water is to fish. This parable is the framework for the rest of his speech. It is structured to hook in the audience. Also, it gives a metaphorical background to real-life examples used in the speech such as not considering that â€Å"the Hummer that just cut [oneself] off is maybe being driven by a father whose little child is hurt or sick in the seat next to him, and hes trying to rush to the hospital, and hes in a way bigger, more legitimate hurry,† which makes the message even more vivid. The parable ends in a memorable manner, as well. Its resounding closing statement â€Å"that we have to keep reminding ourselves, over and over: ’this is water, this is water,’ ties everything back together that effort must be made in order to see people and consider their lives instead of viewing them as scenery. By building common ground with the audience before getting far into his speech, Wallace hopes the crowd will see some of themselves in his experiences; relating with the Kenyon students would put more weight behind his argument to them. College-aged Americans might feel as if they are the epitome of existence, that the world revolves around them, and others are both inferior and in their way. Wallace recognizes this phenomenon, and confidently explains how it is normal human thinking. â€Å"This sort of natural, basic self-centeredness,† he elaborates, is not discussed â€Å"because its so socially repulsive, but its pretty much the same for all of us, deep down. † Wallace surely made a connection with the students by sharing his honest feelings, despite the negative picture they paint. He also criticizes the flaw in himself, developed from his own education, â€Å"to over-intellectualize stuff,† which is not a trait one would expect to hear referred to in a negative manner during a college graduation speech. Thus, by being frank with the students, Wallace built his ethos. He has shown that his words, while not conventional, are worth listening to. Furthermore, he does not alienate anyone by speaking for or against any religious belief or moral code, allowing for those from any culture to appreciate Wallace’s advice. Even those that would not consider themselves religious still worship some thing or quality, according to Wallace. He muses, â€Å"the only choice we get is what to worship. † As a people, we are often consumed by our wants, it is crucial for ones consciousness to keep themselves in check before falling into their own traps. If ones materialistic, for example, then they will not ever be satisfied with their possessions, but will continue to want more. Most likely, there were students in the audience who always had everything they wanted provided for them by their parents, turned greedy, that do not understand the value of a dollar. On the other hand, if one values their public opinion too highly, they become unable to react appropriately when confronted with criticism. Students could become this way through being the center of attention in their social group. Wallace here is making use of these stereotypes to relate to the Kenyon students. These characteristics are familiar in the world, especially for graduating college students to have developed after finally living on their own over the past few years. Many hearing the speech must have connected these descriptors to their own lives. Then Wallace’s speech made a personal impression on those individuals. For the rest, who didn’t see themselves in the examples, they can at least understand the behavior of others driven by their desires. The majority of people have most likely felt the way described in Wallaces speech, frustrated by the mundane activities of day-to-day life, if they are not feeling that way now. Therefore, one can easily relate to its content. Some might even be viewing the world differently because of Wallaces words, having decided to be more aware of both their self and surroundings. Wallace must have considered that this speech could produce such a strong reaction.

Cruelty in animal testing free essay sample

Hobbes, the cat, has been under experimentation for most of his life. This is probably the last time that he will ever have to be experimented on again. Why? Because he is probably not going to make it through this time. The makers of Herbal Essences are about to force shampoo down his throat to see what happens to its organs. Even if the cat lives through the process, they will have to kill it to see which organs were affected by the toxic chemicals. If this was an actual human going through this deadly experiment, people would be in shock. Animal testing started numerous years ago to help provide humans with information. The process of animal testing is of great importance to scientists that work in testing for toxicity, in most cosmetics and personal care products that are made every year and are put into the market after being tested on animals. We will write a custom essay sample on Cruelty in animal testing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Animals in Product Testing stated, these products have gone through a long and complex testing process that leaves millions of animals mutilated, burned, poisoned and gassed in outmoded and unnecessary tests. From these different experiments, animals are often left with different diseases like Syphilis, Herpes, or AIDS (Animal Rights: Animal Testing). Manufacturers of these different products say that they are performing these tests to assure our safety for these products. They want to make sure that humans are not in any amount of danger (Animals in Product Testing). Animal testing is an unethical process, most of the testing is invasive and unnecessarily cruel torture to an innocent animal does that make us inherently evil even though many say we do the experiments for the greater good? Inflicting pain purposely is considered wrong in society and people are punished if caught. How can we justify the killing of an animal no matter how small and insignificant, in the larger scheme is there an alternative that we can use that will not cause pain and suffering and even save costs. Yes there are several different ways we can eliminate the use of animals in testing. There are certain types of animals that scientists use for certain types of experimentation. Some well-known animals that they use for testing are: cats, dogs, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, sheep, llamas, cattle, owls, deer, monkeys and other primates. These are not, by any means, all of the animals that they use. These are just the most common (Animal Rights: Animal Testing). For example, the Draize Test is used on white albino rabbits (S. , Jeremy). They use white albino rabbits because of their sensitive eyes and also because the formation of their tear ducts stops tears from draining away all of the foreign substance (Animal Rights: Test ). In this process, scientists rub shampoo, soap, toothpaste, oven cleaner, lipstick, or lawn products into their gorgeous, red eyes. From this point, scientists record the damage that they observed. This test can last up to eighteen days with their eyelids held open with a clip. Many of the rabbits end up breaking their necks trying to escape from the horrifying pain. First of all, it is pointless to keep the product in their eyes for that long of a period. There is no way that even a child would have something like that in his/her eye for very long. The second reason this is unnecessary to do to a rabbit is that the eye tissue of a rabbit is completely different from humans. (S. , Jeremy). Instead of using the Draize test we can use these alternative that provide better results and less cost from the government and private companies. Nearly 50 different alternative methods and testing strategies have been developed, validated and/or accepted by international regulatory authorities. Using blood from human volunteers to test for the presence of fever-causing contaminants in intravenous medicines can save hundreds of thousands of rabbits each year from traditional pyrogen tests. EpiSkinâ„ ¢, EpiDermâ„ ¢ and SkinEthic—each composed of artificial human skin—can save thousands of rabbits each year from painful skin corrosion and irritation tests. The Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test and Isolated Chicken Eye Test use eyes from animals slaughtered for the meat industry instead of live rabbits to detect chemicals and products that are severely irritating to the eyes. The 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake Phototoxicity Test can replace the use of mice and other animals in the testing of medicines and other products for their potential to cause sunlight induced photo-toxicity. The Reduced Local Lymph Node Assay for skin allergy testing makes it possible to reduce animal use by up to 75 percent compared with traditional guinea pig and mouse tests. When testing to determine chemical concentrations that are deadly to fish and other aquatic life, use of the Fish Threshold Method can reduce the numbers of fish used by at least 70 percent compared with standard test methods. Why do companies even agree with animal experimentation? Some companies, like Clairol, demand that they do not use animal testing on their shampoo product, Herbal Essences. Even though they have cut down on animal testing, they have not eliminated the complete line of cosmetics and other products of animal experimentation (Consumer Companies Animals). There are also some companies, like Mothers Bath products, that do test on animals. The only difference is they shampoo their own dogs to see how it smells after being cleaned off with water. This type of procedure is not actual animal testing. The reason being is because it is not deathly and does not harm the animals in any way. Mothers Products inventor did mention, Beyond these happy volunteers WE DO NOT TEST ON ANIMALS. All other product testing is on ourselves, friends, family. This is the best type of testing to do, on real human beings (Mothers Cupboard Bath). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has different laws about the safety of human’s health. In other words, the FDA and the different laws agree with animal testing. The FDA supports two different acts, the Animal Welfare Act and the Public Health Service Policy and Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Animal Testing). The Animal Welfare Act is to assure the health of humane care and the management of dogs, cats and other certain animals that are used for research and experimentation. As well as to make sure that humane treatment of animals during the transport to help protect the owners of the animals from theft (U. S. Fish ). The Public Health Service Policy and Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals is a law that assures animal care for farm animals, mice and rats (Public Health ). The FDA feels that if animals are used instead of actual human beings, then there is no risk of taking a humans life. If animals are put under experimentation, then the loss of an animal wouldnt be as devastating as an actual person. Other companies like: Arm Hammer, Gillette, Procter Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive, SmithKline, Beecham, and Unilever still test their products on animals (S. , Jeremy). Another element why animal experimentation is wrong is because in multiple ways, it is pointless. The reason that companies even test their products on animals is because they are supposedly watching out for our safety. Most toxic products are tested on different animals. Some toxic products that are used are: soaps and detergents, oven cleaners, and toilet cleaner, etc. What is wrong with this picture? The internet site titled, Animals in Product Testing stated, no amount of animal testing can change the fact that many of these products are harmful if ingested or used in a way not intended by the manufacturer. In other words, there is no reason to force animals to swallow any toxic products, when no matter what, they would harm someone if they digested it (Animal in Product Testing). Also, many different types of drugs are very useful to human beings, but are very dangerous and deadly to animals. For example, Penicillin can help peoples lives, but actually kills guinea pigs. Another drug is Aspirin, which, in fact, causes birth defects in mice, monkeys, rats, cats, guinea pigs and dogs. Obviously, this is not a problem toward humans (Animal Rights: Animal Testing). There are many reasons why animal experimentation is meaningless, but, in many ways, it can be good according to Jack Botting and Adrian Morrison. Both of these scientist claim that animal experimentation is essential because that is the only way that cures can be invented for many diseases. Also, many other medicines have been developed through animal testing. Morrison and Botting feel that there is no difference between humans and animals. Experimenting on animals helps store precise information for humans (Botting, 78). Animal testing is also unnecessary because there is not a law saying that you have to test any product on animals (Stevens). The only product that is forced by the law, to test on animals, are certain types of chemicals and pharmaceutical products (S. , Jeremy). To think that people are so cruel against animals, and there is no reason for it. Karen Lee Stevens stated, Sophisticated alternatives to the use of animals in consumer product testing are readily available. So, from the Stevens statement, there are obviously many other ways, besides animal testing, which can be used to test different products. These different alternatives could possibly be more effective, be a better indicator for humans, have much quicker results, and it would not be involved in any kind of animal unkindness. So, why dont all companies realize that they dont have to do testing on innocent animals? There are two main reasons why it is so hard for manufacturers to use alternatives: the fright for human safety and the fright of product  assurance. The first company that changed their ways of animal testing was Revlon Cosmetics. In 1979, Revlon gave $750,000 to the Rockefeller University to research different alternatives to test their products. Different organizations such as the John Hopkins Center for the Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Toiletry and Fragrance Association, the Cosmetic, the International Foundation for Ethical Research, and the Soap and Detergent Association started their own research to develop different alternatives. While this research is going on, the amount of animal testing increases so that they can guarantee consistent results with the new alternatives (Stevens). The final reason why animal testing is so cruel is because innocent animals are being abused without reason. For example, many animals that are used in all of these experiments are animals that have either been stolen or are from different animals shelters. From there, they are taken to animal testing sites. All of these animal experimentation sites have been inspected, but just because the research centers are legalized, does not mean that animals arent being abused. According to Jeremy S. , A research scientist at Huntingdon Life Sciences was recently caught on videotape punching four puppies repeatedly in the face. This so-called scientist is trying to prevent humans from danger by punching puppies. The scientist tried to back up his crime by stating that he was only trying to do the puppies a favor because the product that he just made them sniff was giving them terrible effects on the body (S. , Jeremy). There is no reason to do this to such young animals, or any animals for that manner. Today, many companies have turned from animal testing. They now feel that animal experimentation is a cruel process that leaves innocent animals dead for no apparent reason. Although many companies have agreed that it is an absurd process, animal testing still is a huge part of product testing (Animals in Product Testing). After all of the reasons of why animal testing is ridiculous, hopefully a law will stop the cruel process. Although, like stated in the previous paragraph, many companies have stopped these practices and tests, there are many that still practice this process. Hobbes, the cat, could still be alive today if it wasnt for the companies that still believe that it is okay to test animals with products. A question that is brought up in many peoples mind is, why would animal testing still be going on if there a Overall, animal testing is expensive, time-consuming, unpredictable, and not easily reproducible from one lab to another (i. e. , results lack reliability). Because of their expense, cumbersomeness, and scientific limitations, animal tests have not adequately addressed the vast number of chemicals already in commercial use, nor the estimated 700 new ones introduced every year. According to Dr. Thomas Hartung, director of the Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, out of â€Å"some 100,000 chemicals in consumer products,†¦only about 5,000 have had significant testing so far because no one has the capacity for experiments using standard methods involving animals. †[7] While all new products must be tested for safety, using animals to assess human health risks is inefficient, unreliable, and has limited—if any—predictive value for what will happen in humans. Thankfully, private industry and a growing number of federal agencies are now acknowledging the superiority of alternative methods for safety testing. While alternative methods have not received the full scientific, industry, and government support that they deserve, progress is being made, as the development of alternative techniques becomes more widely recognized as a legitimate and important area of basic and applied scientific investigation. For example, one traditional criticism of in vitro replacement alternatives was their inability to mimic or reproduce the consequences of long-term, chronic human exposure to toxic substances. This is no longer the case. As cell culture technology has evolved, it is now possible to maintain in vitro systems for sufficiently longer periods of time—weeks or months. It is not necessary to maintain such cultures for years, as is done with some typical chronic animal tests. Long-term cell and tissue culture techniques can now allow in vitro studies of the effects of chronic, repeated exposure to toxic substances, as well as the recovery from such exposure in a shorter period of time.